VNC是一个远程桌面协议。按照本文的说明进行操作可以实现用VNC对Ubuntu 20.04进行远程控制。一般的VNC安装方式在主机没有插显示器的时候是无法使用的。下面的操作可以在主机有显示器和没有显示器时都能够正常工作。
首先安装x11vnc
sudo apt-get install x11vnc -y
设置vnc密码
sudo x11vnc -storepasswd /etc/x11vnc.pass
创建x11vnc自启动服务
创建 /etc/systemd/system/x11vnc.service，并写入以下内容
[Unit] Description=Start x11vnc at startup. After=multi-user.target [Service] Type=simple ExecStart=/usr/bin/x11vnc -auth /run/user/1000/gdm/Xauthority -forever -loop -noxdamage -repeat -rfbauth /etc/x11vnc.pass -rfbport 5900 -shared [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动x11vnc服务
sudo systemctl enable x11vnc sudo service x11vnc start
此时如果远程的主机上接了显示器，那么就可以在局域网通过VNC进行访问了。
为了能够保证远程主机无论是否有显示器，我们都能通过VNC进行远程访问，我们还要做下面的修改
创建默认的xorg.conf文件
sudo Xorg :1 -configure
此时程序会生成 /root/xorg.conf.new文件
我的默认文件内容如下
Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier "X.org Configured"
Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0
InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
EndSection
Section "Files"
ModulePath "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/:unscaled"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi"
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi"
FontPath "built-ins"
EndSection
Section "Module"
Load "glx"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Keyboard0"
Driver "kbd"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Mouse0"
Driver "mouse"
Option "Protocol" "auto"
Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7"
EndSection
Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Monitor0"
VendorName "Monitor Vendor"
ModelName "Monitor Model"
EndSection
Section "Device"
### Available Driver options are:-
### Values: <i>: integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False",
### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz",
### <percent>: "<f>%"
### [arg]: arg optional
#Option "Accel" # [<bool>]
#Option "AccelMethod" # <str>
#Option "Backlight" # <str>
#Option "CustomEDID" # <str>
#Option "DRI" # <str>
#Option "Present" # [<bool>]
#Option "ColorKey" # <i>
#Option "VideoKey" # <i>
#Option "Tiling" # [<bool>]
#Option "LinearFramebuffer" # [<bool>]
#Option "HWRotation" # [<bool>]
#Option "VSync" # [<bool>]
#Option "PageFlip" # [<bool>]
#Option "SwapbuffersWait" # [<bool>]
#Option "TripleBuffer" # [<bool>]
#Option "XvPreferOverlay" # [<bool>]
#Option "HotPlug" # [<bool>]
#Option "ReprobeOutputs" # [<bool>]
#Option "XvMC" # [<bool>]
#Option "ZaphodHeads" # <str>
#Option "VirtualHeads" # <i>
#Option "TearFree" # [<bool>]
#Option "PerCrtcPixmaps" # [<bool>]
#Option "FallbackDebug" # [<bool>]
#Option "DebugFlushBatches" # [<bool>]
#Option "DebugFlushCaches" # [<bool>]
#Option "DebugWait" # [<bool>]
#Option "BufferCache" # [<bool>]
Identifier "Card0"
Driver "intel"
BusID "PCI:0:2:0"
EndSection
Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device "Card0"
Monitor "Monitor0"
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 1
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 4
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 8
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 15
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 16
EndSubSection
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 24
EndSubSection
EndSection
将此文件复制至 /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/xorg.conf
这个文件保证在主机上插有显示器的时候，系统界面能在显示器上正常显示。下面我们再给系统添加一个虚拟显示器，当主机没有显示器的时候系统就使用这个虚拟显示器。
Ubuntu20.04 VNC 安装与设置实现
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